Even after 200 hours of observation, project OZMA did not receive any message from Aliens. In a way this project was unsuccessful. But, Frank Drek did not get upset with this failure, and continued his quest for search of advanced civilization in the crowd of Billions of stars. It was like searching for a needle from a stack of hay. After putting a full stop to project OZMA, he called up a conference to have a collective discussion on this issue. What would be the future steps for Alien search was to be discussed in this conference. To discuss the issue he bifurcated the questions into four parts viz; Physical state, Biological state, Mental state & Social state. To go through all the above mentioned states, what will be the minimum time required and what natural laws will the advanced civilization have to follow, Drek contemplated on these points and by putting them together prepared a formula. This formula is known as Drek equation. Any researcher or scientist who happens to work in this field has to begin with this equation. It is therefore imperative to understand the principle of Drek equation in order to understand the efforts made by science to find an answer to the questions of advanced civilization.

Cosmic and Geo-physical Rules:

Suitable physical environment is necessary for development of advanced life. A planet that orbits a star is necessary. The star should neither be too hot or too cold and it should also not be very unstable.

Biological and Mental Rules:

If the environment is suitable then development of life is inevitable. But only development will not help, the ultimate transformation of development into intelligent life is very necessary.

Social and Cultural Rules:

The intelligent life should be able to create technological society. This technological society should survive for a prolonged period. And finally this technologically advanced civilization should be desirous of making inter planetary contact.

The chances of fulfillment of above mentioned rules are possible. Even then how many such advanced civilizations exist in our galaxy can be approximately derived by using Dreks equation. In the present conditions, to ascertain the number of advanced civilization, certain basic possibilities have to be taken into account.

DREK EQUATION: -

R* = Number of new stars created in our galaxy every year.
fp = Number of stars that would have planetary system.
ne = Number of planets that can be suitable for evolution of life.
fi = Possibility of development of life on suitable planets.
fl = Possibility of the developed life of reaching intelligence level.
fc = Possibility of the intelligent civilization establishing interplanetary contact.
L = For how much time will such civilization continue to make interplanetary contact
OR their age ( i.e. age of the planet)

N = R* x fp x ne x fi x fl x fc x L = Drek equation.

Cultural principles of Drek Equation:

Physical principle R* x fp x ne.
Biological principle - fi x fl
Cultural principle - fc x L

Physical Principles : Physical Principles include creation of stars, their type, their age. Apart from this, creation of planetary system, mass of planets, environment of planet etc. is also taken into account.

Biological Principles : While thinking of Biological principles, the factors taken into consideration are - how life will develop, the necessary chemicals for development of life, the time taken for development of intelligent creatures from living creatures, the system of development of life etc.

Cultural Principles : Cultural Principles involve development of society, the time taken for development of technologically advanced society from that society etc.

From the above factors we can get an idea about the co-ordination of number of branches of science. Taking all these factors into account, answer for Alien life has to be searched. From the 400 billion stars in our Galaxy at least one advanced civilization definitely exists i.e. our civilization. The main issue however is the existence of other advanced civilization besides ours. An illogical, imaginary answer to this question will not serve the purpose. Instead, a strong scientifically logical answer is required.

The answer given by scientists to this question hangs around the range of one to millions. Some scientists claim that there is no other advanced civilization besides ours. They also give logical reasons for their claim. They sincerely advise that instead of wasting so much money on this issue it would be more sensible to utilize the same money on some other experiments.

In contradiction to the above, a good number of scientists strongly assert that there should be at least 50,000 advanced civilizations in our galaxy. They also give scientific logic for their assertion and claim that if not 50,000 their should definitely be at least 5,000 of them. And if we happen to establish contact with even one of them it would be a revolutionary occasion. This group of scientists is of the firm belief that this contact with aliens will immensely benefit mankind. Therefore, no matter how much money is spent into the search, it should be continued.